Urology is a surgical specialty that treats urinary tract
infections in men, women and male genitalia. Although urology is classified as
a surgical specialty, due to the variety of clinical problems, the urologist
requires in-depth knowledge of internal medicine, paediatrics, gynecology, and
other disciplines. Recognizing the spectrum of the urinary tract, the American
Society of Urology has identified seven areas of sub-specialties:
#Pediatric Urology - This includes correcting urinary problems that occur in
children, such as: Non-decorated testicles or testes, underdeveloped genitalia
and vesicular rebound.
Historically, the treatment of obstructive urological
inflammation has been the theme that has clearly demonstrated the urologist's
specialty as opposed to general surgery. This treatment ranges between correct
blocking urethral background or blocking the ureteral limb in the infant valves
to correct bladder outlet obstruction of benign prostatic hyperplasia in older
men. Over the decades, we have seen a dramatic increase in our general
understanding of the various dysfunctions of urine transport associated with
the various open and covert forms of neuromuscular dysfunction. The rapid
discipline of urine dynamics has proven to be an important resource in the
diagnosis and treatment of such disorders.
Quarantine diseases in the urinary tract have always
determined a large part of the common urinary tract practice. Give a
colonoscopy ureter flexible hard has led to a significant improvement in the
ability of urine specialists in the urine recently to deal with the problem,
while creating a revolution in the treatment of kidney stones twice in the
recent past: first the type and Way through the skin to disintegrate and
recovery of stones, and secondly through the application of fragmentation
shock. These combined techniques have largely combined open surgical procedures
to deal with obese kidney stones and ureters. These new techniques are still
under the supervision of the urinary tract. In addition, thanks to advances in
diagnosis and metabolism in relapsing kidney disease, urologists can reduce the
risk of recurrent stone formation.
Another area of major urinary problems is congenital
malformations. The urinary system is more prone to congenital anomalies than
any other organ. These congenital malformations resolve a number of relatively
common problems of cryptorchidism in a complex area of interexuality. These
patients are usually cared for by pediatric urologists.
The involvement of a urologist at the end of the stage in
kidney failure and kidney disease requires a dramatic increase in the number of
patients undergoing dialysis and requiring transplantation. Urologists in a
number of centers are the first members of the surgical team in kidney
transplants and elsewhere. This practice tends to increase the expertise of
urologists in vascular surgery, which has been advantageously integrated into
other areas such as the repair of renal vessels and new surgical procedures for
microvascular vessels in certain impotence cases. Improved communication
between urologists and urologists often leads to participation in the general
field of hypertension and adrenals.
The treatment of malignant diseases accounts for a very
large part of the movement of the urinary tract. The most encouraging results
in the medical and surgical treatment of solid tumors included genital tumors,
testicular tumors and Wilms' tumors. With the development of multimodal
therapy, in which chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgical treatment are used
simultaneously, we hope to improve the results of the treatment of other
genital tumors. Recently, new diagnostic methods for detecting prostate cancer
have been introduced. Currently, the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer
is very time consuming for many urologists.
Urinary tract infections affecting every age group of both
sexes make up a large part of urinary tract practice. While urinary tract
infection may present clear clinical symptoms and a definitive appearance, it
may also reflect other urinary tract disorders such as obstructive urinary
tract infection. More recently, emphasis has been placed on the
characterization of pathogenic bacteria that are particularly susceptible to
persistent urinary tract infections, particularly urethritis and kidney
disease. Bacteria are a common clinical problem that inevitably has a
comprehensive multidisciplinary approach. Urologists often interact with
internists, paediatricians and gynecologists in the treatment of germ-killing
patients.
Increasingly, the importance of urinary tract disorders is
recognized, which mainly occurs in women (urinary incontinence, interstitial
cystitis, urethral hernia, etc.). The diagnosis and treatment of urinary
incontinence is an essential part of most urinary tract practices. New surgical
and non-surgical treatments are being developed. The number of female patients
being treated by the urologist is significant and the urinary tract needs to
understand the gender differences in the medical and surgical approaches of
these patients.
Impotence and infertility in men have become the standard
subdivisions. Revolution in the treatment of sexual impotence initially by the
introduction of industrial devices in the urinary tract. The area of artificial
limbs in the urinary tract has gradually expanded, encompassing not only
various forms of penile prostheses but also the use of artificial urinary
sphincter muscles. The management of male infertility has generally focused on
the surgical correction of various acquired and congenital barriers within the
reproductive system and has progressively developed efforts to diagnose and
treat the problem of male cohabitation and varicose veins. Continuous
improvements in medical management of male infertility require a high level of
expertise in genetics and endocrinology.
The trauma of UTI involves a urologist as a member of the
trauma team at the initial examination of the injured patient. Recent
improvements in imaging techniques for assessing renal trauma and standardizing
approaches to the lower urinary tract injury have greatly improved the care of
these patients. For the problem of delayed correction of lower urinary tract
injuries, there are a variety of surgical procedures that fall under the
general heading of reconstructive surgery.
The specialty of the urinary tract is constantly changing.
Much of this change was the result of improved technology. Improvements in
endoscopic surgery and renal surgery have already revolutionized the treatment
of urinary incontinence: in collaboration with the new generation of
extracellular lithotripsy, many of the traditional and even surgical methods of
kidney stone problems have become largely outdated. Other traditional urinary
tract procedures, namely repair of vasectomies and repair of liposuction have
achieved better results in selected cases using surgical microscopy. There is
no doubt that knowledge and experience in the use of surgical microscopy will
be an important part of urinary practice in the future. Laser in the early
stages, but it will affect the practice of the urinary tract in the treatment
of tumors and in a slightly different context in the management of the ureter
account. Recently, numerous research efforts have been made in the field of
laparoscopic surgery. Many urine treatments performed in the past through open
surgery can now be performed via laparoscopy. The development of
chemotherapeutic agents for new cancer has significantly changed the treatment
of some urinary tract infections. In short, the urinary tract is a rapidly
changing and exciting field of medicine in which urinary exercises must be
practiced in order to actively participate in continuing education.
Sources
- medfac.mans.edu.eg/.../...%20Taking%20AND%20CLINICAL%20EXAMINATION.pdf
- http://my.clevelandclinic.org/Documents/Urology/10-URL-022_residency_brochure.pdf
- http://www.cocukuroloji.org.tr/guideline.pdf
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